Microdermabrasion System with Combination Skin Therapies

ABSTRACT

A microdermabrasion system offers a combination of other skin therapies in conjunction with microdermabrasion. In an implementation, the system applies light therapy, photodynamic therapy, radio frequency and microwave energy therapy, massage therapy, or combinations of these while exfoliating the skin.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of devices to treat human skin andmore specifically to a device capable of delivering a combination ofskin therapies.

As people age, they look for ways to maintain a youthful appearance.Some invasive cosmetic techniques include surgical approaches includingeye lifts, face lifts, skin grafts, and breast lifts. However, theseinvasive techniques also have risks and potential complications. Somepeople have died during cosmetic surgery operations. Therefore, it isdesirable to have noninvasive cosmetic techniques.

There are many different kinds of noninvasive or minimally invasivecosmetic techniques. One technique is microdermabrasion.Microdermabrasion is a process for removing dead cells from theoutermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) to provide a younger andhealthier looking appearance, remove wrinkles, clean out blocked pores,remove some types of undesirable skin conditions that can develop, andenhance skin tone.

Another technique is light therapy or photomodulation of the tissue.Light therapy involves transmitting light into the skin. Different colorlights may be used to treat different types of skin conditions. Forexample, blue or violet light has been shown in some studies to reduceacne by killing certain bacteria in the pores. Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is another related technique. PDT involves applying a fluidcontaining a photosensitizing agent to a patient's skin. Thephotosensitizing agent is activated with a specific wavelength of light,such as ultraviolet light. The technique provides, for example, areduction of blotchy pigmentation, rough spots (actinic keratosis), andbrown spots (lentigos).

Radio frequency (RF) or microwave energy applied to the skin is yetanother technique. This involves thermally heating the collagen bundlesin the skin. The heat causes the collagen to shrink or contract whichremoves wrinkles.

Finally, massage therapy can stimulate the flow of blood and oxygen toimprove the elasticity of the skin.

People, however, often have very busy lives. They may not have the timeto make different appointments for microdermabrasion, light therapy,photodynamic therapy, RF or microwave energy therapy, or massages.Moreover, even if they do have the time for all these appointments, theywill not realize the synergistic benefits that may result when differenttherapies are administered simultaneously.

Therefore, there is a need to provide improved skin therapies.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to skin therapy devices. An embodiment ofthe current invention is the combination of microdermabrasion, lighttherapy, photodynamic therapy, radio frequency (RF) and microwave energytherapy, and massage therapy into a single device having variouscombinations of these therapies (e.g., microdermabrasion with lighttherapy and RF energy therapy, microdermabrasion with massage therapy,microdermabrasion with light therapy, and microdermabrasion with RFenergy therapy).

In an embodiment, a microdermabrasion system includes a console, a handpiece including a tip, connected to a fluid tube connected to theconsole, where the tip includes an abrading surface formed on a frontsurface of the tip and a plurality of fluid channels, where theplurality of fluid channels terminate on a side surface of the tip, avacuum opening, connected to a vacuum tube connected to the console,where the vacuum opening is outside a periphery of the tip, and aplurality of radiation sources, each radiation source connected to anelectrical wire connected to the console.

The plurality of radiation sources may be between the tip and the vacuumopening. The plurality of radiation sources may be evenly distributedabout a perimeter of the front surface of the tip. An angle between theradiation sources may be 360 degrees divided by a total number ofradiation sources. The plurality of radiation sources may be positionedabove the tip or on a same plane as the tip.

In an embodiment, the plurality of radiation sources includes at leastone of a light emitting diode, a laser diode, a radio frequency diode,or a microwave antenna.

At least one radiation source in the plurality of radiation sources mayemit a light beam having a wavelength that is in the visible range. Thelight beam may be blue, red, or yellow.

In an embodiment there is a radiation source holder, where the pluralityof radiation sources are mounted to the radiation source holder and theradiation source holder is made of a thermally conductive plastic.

The plurality of radiation sources may irradiate a region of tissuebetween the perimeter of the front surface of the tip and the vacuumopening.

The hand piece may further include a vibrating component, a battery, anda switch, connected between the vibrating component and the battery. Thevibrating component may include a motor, a weight, and a shaft,connected between the motor and the weight.

In an embodiment, a microdermabrasion system includes a console, a handpiece including a tip, connected to a fluid tube connected to theconsole, where the tip comprises a plurality of bristles connected to afront surface of the tip and a fluid opening, surrounded by thebristles, on the front surface, a vacuum opening, connected to a vacuumtube connected to the console, where the vacuum opening is outside aperiphery of the tip, and a plurality of radiation sources, eachradiation source connected to an electrical wire connected to theconsole.

The plurality of bristles may include optical fiber and the plurality ofbristles may be connected to the plurality of radiation sources.

In an embodiment, a microdermabrasion device includes a body having alongitudinal axis, a substantially non-abrasive tip attached to an endof said body and having at least one opening therethrough, an abrasivemember located internally of said body and tip, a vacuum access openingadapted to apply negative pressure to a skin surface of a patientthrough said tip outside a periphery of said abrasive member, therebydrawing a portion of the skin into contact with said abrasive member,and a plurality of radiation sources, each radiation source connected toan electrical wire, where the electrical wire passes through a channelin the body.

In an embodiment, a microdermabrasion device includes a tip including anabrading surface formed on a first side, a collar portion on a secondside of the tip, a plurality of fluid channels formed on a second sideof the tip, each channel extending through the collar through a firstedge to a second edge of the tip, where the second edge of the tip isperpendicular to and touches the first side, and an angle between thefirst side and the first edge is less than ninety degrees, at least onekey notch, formed on the collar portion between two channel openings,where a surface of the collar is perpendicular to the first side, and aplurality of radiation sources on a same plane as the abrasive member.

In an embodiment a microdermabrasion device includes a tip including aplurality of bristles connected to a front surface on a first side, afluid opening, surrounded by the bristles, on the first side, where thefluid opening extends to a second side, opposite to the first side, afirst cylindrical side surface, connected to and perpendicular to thefirst side, a plurality of prongs which extend away from the firstcylindrical side surface and toward the second side, and a plurality ofradiation sources at least partially surrounding the plurality ofbristles.

In an embodiment, a skin treatment system includes an elongated handleincluding a tubular passageway, an annular vacuum formed around at leasta portion of the tubular passageway, a substantially planar abrasivesurface, a treatment tip with at least one opening therethrough, where avacuum is applied outside a periphery of the abrasive surface throughthe at least one opening, a vacuum source and fluid reservoir, where aflow path is from a distal end of the tubular passageway, outward at thedistal end, and into the annular vacuum and when a vacuum is applied, afluid in the fluid reservoir is drawn into the passageway of the system,applied to skin at a treatment site, and drawn into the annular vacuum,and a plurality of radiation sources connected to the elongated handle,where at least one radiation source is positioned to provide a beam oflight into skin at the treatment site.

In an embodiment, a microdermabrasion device includes a hand pieceincluding an elongated handle including a first passageway and a secondpassageway, a treatment tip, coupled to the handle, including at least afirst opening coupled to the first passageway, where the treatment tiphas a longest distance across the tip, a second opening, coupled to thesecond passageway, and a plurality of radiation sources, coupled to thehandle, and a distance between a radiation source and the treatment tipis less than twice the longest distance.

A cross section the first and second passageways may include concentriccircles, an inner circle is for the first passageway, and an outercircle is for the second passageway. At least one of the radiationsource may be positioned between the first opening and the secondopening.

A cross section of the tip may include at least two concentric spaces, afirst space of the concentric spaces coupled to the first opening, and asecond space of the concentric spaces coupled to the second opening.

The treatment tip may be translucent and include an abrasive surfacerecessed in the treatment tip.

In an embodiment, the first passageway provides output fluid and thesecond passageway provides suction. In another embodiment, the firstpassageway provides suction and the second passageway provides outputfluid.

At least one of the radiation sources may be outside a periphery of anabrasive surface of the tip.

An embodiment includes a lens cover, coupled to a housing of at leastone radiation source, covering the at least one radiation source andproviding magnification of radiation emitted by the at least oneradiation source.

Another embodiment includes a housing for at least one radiation source,the housing comprising a locking mechanism to removably hold a lenscover over the at least one radiation source.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent upon consideration of the following detailed descriptionand the accompanying drawings, in which like reference designationsrepresent like features throughout the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a combination microdermabrasion systemaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a first embodiment of a combinationmicrodermabrasion hand piece and console according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the first embodiment of a combinationmicrodermabrasion hand piece.

FIG. 4 shows a side view of the first embodiment of a combinationmicrodermabrasion hand piece.

FIG. 5 shows a front view of the first embodiment of a combinationmicrodermabrasion hand piece.

FIG. 6 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a combinationmicrodermabrasion hand piece.

FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of a third embodiment of a combinationmicrodermabrasion hand piece.

FIG. 8 shows a front view of an embodiment of a tip holder and abrasivetip.

FIG. 9 shows a front view of an embodiment of the tip holder.

FIG. 10 shows a back view of an embodiment of the tip.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a bristled tip.

FIG. 12 shows a front view of an embodiment of a hand piece with anarc-shaped vacuum opening.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This patent application incorporates by reference U.S. patentapplication (attorney docket EMEDP004); U.S. patent application(attorney docket EMEDP009); U.S. patent application 29/304,428, filedFeb. 29, 2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 29/322,102, filed Jul.29, 2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 29/322,106, filed Jul. 29,2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/040,867, filed Feb. 29, 2008;U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/393,682, filed Mar. 19, 2003; andU.S. Pat. No. 6,695,853, filed Nov. 21, 2001, and issued Feb. 24, 2004.

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a combination microdermabrasionor dermabrasion system 100. The system has a console 105 which isconnected to a hand piece 110. During a microdermabrasion treatment, auser 115 holds the hand piece and runs the hand piece over a patient's120 skin to exfoliate it.

In various specific embodiments, the hand piece is capable of providinga combination of therapies in conjunction with microdermabrasionexfoliation. These therapies include radiation therapy or massagetherapy, or both. Radiation therapy includes light therapy, photodynamictherapy, acoustic therapy, and radio frequency (RF) and microwave energytherapy. The hand piece, in addition to providing the microdermabrasionfunction, is thus capable of simultaneously emitting radiation (e.g.,electromagnetic radiation, visible light, infrared light, near infraredlight, ultraviolet light), vibrating, or both.

The user may be a doctor, technician, operator, or aesthetician. Aftertreatment, the patient leaves with a more youthful and healthfulappearance.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a hand piece 202 and a console 204. Atip 206 is attached to the hand piece. The hand piece includes one ormore radiation sources or emitters 208 a, 208 b, 208 c, 208 d, 208 e,208 f, 208 g, and 208 h which emit radiation 210 a, 210 b, 210 c, 210 d,210 e, 210 f, 210 g, and 210 h into a patient's 212 skin. The hand piecealso includes a fluid delivery line 214 and a vacuum line 216 formicrodermabrasion. In a specific embodiment, the hand piece includes amicrowave generator 222, a radio frequency (RF) generator, or both. Themicrowave generator, RF generator, or both may be optional and is notpresent in some implementations of the invention.

The console includes a control unit 218, a fluid pump 224, a fluidreservoir 226, a collection reservoir 228, a filter 230, a vacuum source232, and a display 234. In a specific implementation, the console alsoincludes a negative ion generator 235. Via an on-off switch 234, poweris supplied to the various components in the console such as the fluidpump, vacuum source, and negative ion generator.

Cables 236 a, 236 b, 236 c, 236 d, 236 e, 236 f, 236 g, and 236 hconnect each radiation source 208 a, 208 b, 208 c, 208 d, 208 e, 208 f,208 g, and 208 h, respectively, to a cable 238 which is then connectedto a switch 240 in the control unit.

The system has a vacuum path 242 that passes through the vacuum line.The vacuum path includes the vacuum source, which is connected to thefilter, which is connected to the collection reservoir. The filter maybe optional and is not present in some implementations of the invention.The collection reservoir is connected to the hand piece.

The system has a fluid path 244 that passes through the fluid deliveryline. The fluid path includes the fluid reservoir, which is connected tothe fluid pump, which is connected to the hand piece. The fluid pump maybe optional and is not present in some implementations of the invention;in such a case, the fluid is drawn through the fluid path, through thehand piece, to the collection reservoir by the vacuum source. A fluidmay include a gas or liquid, or a combination of these.

The system has a power path to distribute power (e.g., AC or DC, orboth) to the components of the system. Power is supplied to the systemthrough a power input line 248 to the on-off switch. From the on-offswitch, power is supplied via a line 250 to the control unit. From thecontrol unit, power is supplied via a line 252 to the vacuum source andfluid pump. Power is supplied via a line 253 to the negative iongenerator. When power is supplied as AC power (e.g., from an AC outlet),and a component such as the control unit uses DC power, the system willinclude an AC-to-DC converter to convert AC power to DC power.

From the control unit, power is supplied via cable 238 to the electricalcomponents in the hand piece such as the radiation sources, themicrowave generator, and the RF generator. A line 254 connects the RFgenerator to cable 238. A line 256 connects the microwave generator tocable 238. Lines 254 and 256 supply power to the RF generator andmicrowave generator, respectively.

The radiation sources may emit radiation at various wavelengths. Theradiation may be emitted as, for example, acoustic waves, radiofrequency (RF) waves, microwaves, infrared, far-infrared, near-infrared,visible light, ultraviolet light, far-ultraviolet light,near-ultraviolet light, and combinations of these.

In a specific implementation, one or more radiation sources emit visiblelight. Visible light is generally electromagnetic radiation having arange of wavelengths from about 380 nanometers to about 750 nanometers.

In some applications it may be desirable to direct a single band orselected multiple bands of visible light waves into the patient's skin.Thus, in a specific implementation, the radiation sources include lightemitting diodes (LEDs) which emit a predominately blue light, red light,yellow light, green light, or combinations of these. The radiationsources may include light having a luminance (candela per square meter)that may be two, three, four, or more than four times greater than theambient light.

Blue light is typically light having a predominate wavelength of about470 nanometers, but may range from about 450 nanometers to about 495nanometers. Red light is typically light having a predominate wavelengthof about 640 nanometers, but may range from about 620 nanometers toabout 750 nanometers. Yellow light is typically light having apredominate wavelength of about 590 nanometers, but may range from about570 nanometers to about 590 nanometers. Green light is typically lighthaving a predominate wavelength of about 510 nanometers, but may rangefrom about 510 nanometers to about 570 nanometers.

These particular wavelengths of light may be used to treat a variety ofskin conditions by transmitting the light into the patient's skin. Forexample, blue light may be transmitted into the patient's skin in orderto treat acne. Red light may be transmitted into the patient's skin toreduce pigmentation and lighten the skin. Yellow light may betransmitted into the patient's skin to promote the production ofcollagen which reduces fine lines and wrinkles.

In a specific embodiment using LEDs as radiation sources, all of theLEDs emit the same color light. Such an embodiment may be used toprovide a focused treatment of a specific skin condition. For example, ateenager with acne problems may undergo treatment with only blue light.These patients, because of their young age, may not yet have the finelines and wrinkles associated with older patients.

In another embodiment, two or more LEDs may simultaneously emit light ofdifferent colors which, when combined, create another color of light.For example, a first LED may emit green light. A second LED may emit redlight. An implementation of the invention may then include a light mixerto combine the green and red light beams to produce yellow light. Itshould be appreciated that the light mixer may be used to combine theprimary light colors of red, green, and blue in specific ratios toproduce a light beam of any color.

In yet another embodiment using LEDs, two or more LEDs may emit light ofdifferent colors to treat a combination of skin problems. For example,radiation sources 208 a, 208 b, and 208 c may emit blue light. Radiationsources 208 d, 208 e, and 208 f may emit red light. Radiation sources208 g and 208 h may emit yellow light. Such an embodiment may beappropriate for an older adult who suffers from adult acne in additionto pigmentation, fine lines, and wrinkles.

Emitting or transmitting light at different wavelengths (i.e., differentcolors) also allows, directing treatment to a specific layer of skin(e.g., epithelium, basement membrane, dermis, and subcutis). Forexample, light at longer wavelengths, such as red light penetrate deeperinto the skin than light having shorter wavelengths such as blue light.

However, LEDs are just one example of a radiation source that may beused in an implementation of the invention. In other embodiments of theinvention, other types of light sources may be used instead, oradditionally. Some examples of a radiation source include a lightemitting polymer (LEP), organic light emitting diode (OLED), organicelectro-luminescence (OEL) device, superluminescent diode (SLD), edgeemitting LED (EELED), surface emitting LED (SELED), laser, laser diode,waveguide laser diode, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL),fiber laser, fluorescent solid state source, lamp, fluorescent lamp,dichroic lamp, incandescent light bulb, halogen light bulb, xenon lightbulb, high intensity discharge lamp, and the like.

It should be appreciated that directing a single color light or selectedmultiple colors of light into the patient's skin may be accomplished ina variety of ways. One embodiment of the invention includes single colorLEDs (e.g., blue, red, green, and yellow LEDs). Another embodiment ofthe invention includes LEDs capable of producing multiple colors. In yetanother embodiment, a broad band radiation source is included with anoptical element to filter out unwanted wavelengths.

For example, an embodiment of the invention may include one or morelight filters through which the light is transmitted before the light istransmitted into the patient's tissue. For example, the tip may includea light filter that is placed over a radiation source. The light filtermay be designed with a shape (e.g., annular shape) so that it can be fitover the radiation sources while still allowing the tip, and fluid andvacuum passageways to be exposed. A release mechanism (e.g., releasetab) may be included with the radiation source structure holder so thatthe user can easily remove and replace the light filter.

Such light filters may be used to absorb some wavelengths of light whileallowing other wavelengths of light to pass through and into thepatient's tissue. For example, a radiation source may be a light bulbthat emits white light. White light is composed of all three primarycolors (i.e., red, green, and blue). A colored filter may then be usedto produce different colors of light.

For example, white light may be transmitted through a red filter toproduce red light. That is, a red filter absorbs blue and green lightand lets red light pass. White light may be transmitted through a bluefilter to produce blue light. That is, a blue filter absorbs red andgreen light and lets blue light pass. White light may be transmittedthrough a yellow filter to produce yellow light. That is, a yellowfilter absorbs blue light and permits green and red light to pass. Thecombination of green and red light produces yellow light.

Some examples of filters that may be used in an implementation of theinvention include absorptive, dichroic, monochromatic, infrared,ultraviolet, longpass, shortpass, bandpass, and polarization filters.

In other embodiments, a lens may be placed over one or more radiationsources to magnify or focus the radiation emitted by one or moreradiation sources. A lens may also be used to protect the radiationsources from damage (e.g., fluid damage). The lens may be designed witha shape (e.g., annular shape) so that it can be fit over the radiationsources while still allowing the tip, and fluid and vacuum passagewaysto be exposed. A release mechanism (e.g., release tab) may be includedwith the radiation source structure holder so that the user can easilyremove and replace the lens. In some cases it may be desirable to usethe lens to magnify the radiation emitted by the radiation sources toprovide an effective treatment. However, in other cases, it may insteadbe desirable to lessen the radiation as may be the case where thepatient has sensitive skin. Thus, an embodiment may also include a lenswhich diverges or attenuates the radiation emitted by one or moreradiation sources.

In a specific implementation, one or more optical wave guides, such asoptical fiber may be used to transmit light into the patient's tissue.For example, the radiation sources (e.g., LEDs, light bulbs, laserdiodes, and the like) may be located in the console as opposed to thehand piece as shown in FIG. 2. Optical fiber may then be used totransmit light from the console to the hand piece. That is, the tip ofthe hand piece may include one or more ends of optical fiber. Theopposite of ends of the optical fiber may then be coupled to the lightsources in the console.

In yet another implementation, the radiation sources may be at adifferent location in the hand piece instead of at the tip as shown inFIG. 2. For example, the radiation sources may be located in the handpiece at the opposite end of the tip.

A benefit of using fiber optics is that the cables do not have toinclude electrical wiring. That is the cables may be passive as opposedto active. This may then, for example, lessen the chances of a shockhazard to the patient and user.

However, locating the radiation sources at the tip may be beneficial incertain applications. For example, there may be less attenuation of theemitted light as the light does not have to travel from the console tothe tip.

In yet another implementation, there may be a combination of LEDs andfiber optic cable ends at the tip. For example, a light therapytreatment may include passing light through a patient's skin atdifferent depths. Thus, light from LEDs in the hand piece may be used topenetrate the patient's skin at a deeper depth than light from fiberoptic ends in the hand piece.

In a specific implementation, one or more radiation sources are used totherapeutically heat the patient's tissue. The radiation sources mayoutput radiation that has a power or energy level that may be two,three, four, or more than four times greater than the ambient radiation.The heat may be used to degrade the collagen in the tissue. This causesthe tissue to shrink and results in the tightening of the skin andreduction of wrinkles. The radiation sources may deliver RF energy,microwave radiation, or both to the patient's skin.

Thus, in a specific embodiment, the radiation sources may include radiofrequency electrodes. The electrodes may be in a monopolarconfiguration, bipolar configuration, or both. Monopolar configurationstypically provide a greater depth of RF energy penetration into thetissue, than bipolar configurations. Monopolar configurations typicallypenetrate to a depth of about 4 millimeters. Bipolar configurationstypically penetrate to a depth of about 0.2 millimeters to about 0.3millimeters. Some implementations may include only bipolarconfigurations. Because the bipolar configuration penetrates the tissueto a lesser depth than the monopolar configuration, there is lesspotential for injury to other structures below the skin such as nerves.

The radiation sources, i.e., electrodes, transmit energy to the tissuevia radio frequency waves generated by the RF generator. The controlunit allows a user to control the RF parameters, such as power level,cycles, and other parameters, such as selecting pulsed RF waves orcontinuous RF waves.

The radio frequency waves are typically in the range from about 100kilohertz to about 450 kilohertz. This includes for example, less than100 kilohertz, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 375,400, 425, or greater than 450 kilohertz.

The electrodes are typically constructed of materials having a highthermal conductivity such as metals. The metals may include stainlesssteel, tungsten, brass, beryllium, copper, and the like.

In an embodiment using RF energy, the fluids exiting the tip may serveas a conductive fluid (e.g., saline solution) to conduct RF energy tothe skin and ensure electrical contact of the electrode with the skin.The fluids may also act as a heat sink. This helps to ensure uniformtreatment and prevent thermal injury to the tissue, such as burns.

The hand piece allows the user to control the placement of fluidsbecause the fluids are delivered directly to the treatment site by thehand piece. The hand piece can then vacuum or suction away the fluidsfrom the treatment site. These two features of the invention help toensure against heating and burning tissue not intended to be treated, aswell as preventing shock hazards to the patient and user.

In a manner similar to RF energy, the radiation sources may transmitmicrowave energy. In this embodiment, the radiation sources may includeone or more microwave antennas. The control unit allows the user tocontrol the microwave parameters, such as power level, cycles, and otherparameters, such as selecting pulsed microwaves or continuousmicrowaves.

The microwave generator may generate a frequency range from about 2gigahertz to about 20 gigahertz.

In a specific implementation, the radiation sources heat the patient'stissue to about 9 degrees Celsius above the ambient temperature. Forexample, if the ambient temperature is about 21 degrees Celsius then theradiation sources will heat the patient's tissue to about 30 degreesCelsius. However, in other implementations, the patient's tissue isheated to about 59 degrees Celsius above the ambient temperature. Forexample, if the ambient temperature is about 21 degrees Celsius then theradiation sources will heat the patient's tissue to about 80 degreesCelsius.

Thus, the patient's tissue (e.g., skin) is typically heated to atemperature range of about 30 degrees Celsius to about 80 degreesCelsius.

A specific implementation of the invention includes a temperature sensoror thermostat 261 to help regulate the patient's skin temperature. Thetemperature sensor may be placed at the tip so that the temperaturesensor will be near or in contact with the patient's tissue duringtreatment. For example, the temperature sensor may be placed near or incontact with the radiation sources as shown in FIG. 2.

The temperature sensor is connected via a data line 264 to the controlunit. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of radiationsources, tissue, or both and communicates this information back to thecontrol unit via the data line. This allows the system to ensure thatthe patient's tissue is being properly heated. For example, if thetemperature of the tissue falls below a threshold level then the controlunit will increase power to the radiation sources (e.g., microwaveantennas). If the temperature of the tissue exceeds a threshold levelthen the control unit will decrease power to the radiation sources.Thus, the temperature sensor may also function as a safety feature. Thatis, if the temperature exceeds a maximum threshold value, the controlunit may decrease or disconnect power to the radiation sources toprevent the patient's tissue from being burned.

Switch 240 is coupled to the control unit. Cable 238 extends from theswitch, enters the hand piece and is coupled to one or more radiationsources. The switch is user-operated. The switch allows the user tocontrol the amount of power is supplied to the radiation sources. Forexample, during a treatment session, the patient may have a particularlysensitive area of skin that they do not want exposed to, for example, RFenergy. The switch then allows the user to switch off or decrease thepower supply to the radiation sources while power continues to flow tothe vacuum source and fluid pump.

In an embodiment, the switch is located at the console as shown in FIG.2. In other embodiments, the switch is located on the hand piece. In yetanother embodiment, the switch may be located between the hand piece andthe console.

Although FIG. 2 only shows one switch, other implementations may havemultiple switches coupled between the radiation sources and the controlunit. For example, there may be two, three, four, five, six, seven,eight, or more than eight switches. These additional switches allow auser to selectively turn on and off individual radiation sources orgroups of radiation sources. For example, the radiation sources mayinclude LEDs having varying wavelengths (e.g., blue, red, yellow). Eachwavelength may be intended to treat a specific skin condition. A first,second, and third switch may control power to the blue, red, and yellowLEDs, respectively. When a user treats a teenager who only has acneproblems, the user may decide to only enable the first switch (i.e., theblue light to treat the acne).

However, the same hand piece can also be used on an adult with both acneand pigmentation problems. In this case, the user would enable both thefirst and second switches (i.e., blue and red LEDs) to treat the acneand pigmentation.

In an embodiment, multiple switches are used to control different typesof radiation sources. For example, the hand piece may include asradiation sources a combination of LEDs, RF electrodes, and microwaveantennas. A first, second, and third switch may control power to theLEDs, RF electrodes, and microwave antennas, respectively. The user,depending on the patient's skin condition, may then only enable thefirst switch for the LEDs, the second switch for the RF electrodes, thethird switch for the microwave antennas, or combinations of these.

Furthermore, additional switches may be used to control other componentssuch as the fluid pump, vacuum source, or both. For example, the vacuumsource and fluid pump may be controlled by two separate switches. Thisallows, for example, a “dry” microdermabrasion treatment without fluids.As another example, the user may decide to turn off both the fluid pumpand vacuum source to provide only radiation therapy.

A specific implementation of the invention includes negative iongenerator 235. The negative ion generator may further include one ormore ion-emitting pins or electrodes for producing negative ions in theair which flows past the electrode. A fan may also be included to directair past the electrodes.

The negative ion generator may be placed in the console as shown in FIG.2 or placed in the hand piece. The negative ion generator is optionaland may not be included in some implementations of the invention.

The negative ion generator may generate negative ions using, forexample, a piezoelectric transformer or a voltage generator. The voltagegenerator may generate voltages that range from about 1600 volts toabout 1700 volts. In other implementations, the voltage generator maygenerate higher voltages that range from about 6000 volts to about 7000volts.

The negative ion generator generates negative ions by negativelycharging gas molecules, such as oxygen molecules and fine particles inthe air. Negative ionization may reduce the concentration of airbornecontaminates such as pollen, dust, dust mites, viruses, cigarette smoke,animal dander, odors, and fumes from the breathing zone by binding withthese contaminates and causing them to fall to the floor.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a hand piece 305 that provides bothmicrodermabrasion and radiation therapy. A tip 310 is placed in a tipholder 315. The tip holder fits over a handle 320 of the hand piece. Thetip holder includes a radiation source holder 325 which surrounds thetip. An annular passageway 330 is formed between the outside perimeterof the radiation source holder and an inside perimeter of the tipholder.

A vacuum line 335 is coupled to the annular passageway. The vacuum lineextends from a distal end 340 through the handle and exits at a proximalend 345 where the vacuum line is then connected to a vacuum source. Afluid line 350 is coupled to the tip at the distal end. The fluid lineextends from the tip through the handle and exits at the proximal endwhere the fluid line is then connected to a fluid source. The vacuum andfluid lines are approximately parallel to each other as they travelthrough the hand piece.

The vacuum and fluid lines are typically made of tubing and areflexible. They may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other plastic,for example.

The radiation source holder includes one or more radiation sources asdiscussed above (e.g., LEDs, RF electrodes, microwave antennas, orcombinations of these). The radiation source holder may be at leastpartially formed of a heat conducting material for dissipating heatgenerated by the radiation sources. For example, in some applications itmay be desirable to dissipate the heat generated by the radiationsources so that the patient's skin is more evenly heated. Thus, theradiation source holder may function as a heat sink and be made ofmetals such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and copperalloys.

The radiation source holder may also be made of ceramic, compositematerials (e.g., plastic and carbon fiber), plastic (e.g., nylon), orthermally conductive plastics or polymers. The thermal conductivity ofsuch thermally conductive plastics may range from about 1.0 watts permillikelvin to about 10 watts per millikelvin.

In a specific implementation, a tissue facing surface 326 of theradiation source holder is textured (e.g., knurled) to increase thesurface area of the tissue facing surface and thus facilitate heattransfer from the radiation sources to the radiation source holder andto the patient's tissue.

In a specific implementation, the tissue facing surface is also becoated or impregnated with a reflective material to direct radiationemitted by the radiation source into the patient's tissue. Some examplesof reflective materials include foils (e.g., aluminum foil and goldfoil), mirrors, titanium dioxide, and light-reflective paints.

FIG. 4 shows side view of a hand piece 403. The hand piece includes atip holder 406 and a handle 407. The tip holder includes a radiationsource holder 409 which holds one or more radiation sources 412 a, and412 b.

A fluid path 415 travels from a fluid source 416 through a fluiddelivery line 418 and exits through one or more openings around a tip419. In a specific implementation, fluid exists through one or moreopenings in the tip.

A vacuum path 421 in a vacuum line 424 sucks the fluid into an annularpassageway 427, which has a negative pressure condition created by avacuum source 428, and into the vacuum line. The fluid and vacuum pathsmake up a closed loop vacuum.

One or more beams of radiation 430 a and 430 b are emitted from one ormore radiation sources 412 a and 412 b which are attached to theradiation source holder. In a specific embodiment, the beams ofradiation irradiate a region of tissue between the annular passagewayand the tip. In other words, the beams of radiation may irradiate aregion of tissue that at least partially surrounds the tissue beingabraded. The beams of radiation intercept the fluids in the fluid pathat one or more intersections 436 a and 436 b.

The invention can thus be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In PDT,fluids (e.g., aminolevulinic acid) containing photosensitizing agentsare applied to the skin. These fluids are sensitive to certainwavelengths of light (e.g., blue light). The intersection of the fluidand radiation paths provide, for example, any light sensitive agents(i.e., photosensitizers) in the fluid to react in a photochemicalreaction. PDT can be used to treat, for example, actinic keratoses,acne-related disorders, sun-damaged skin, or aging skin.

Each radiation source is coupled to a cable. For example, a cable 439 ais coupled to radiation source 412 a and a cable 439 b is coupled toradiation source 412 b. The cables extend from a distal end 442 of thehand piece and meet at an intersection 445 where they are then enclosedin a single cable 448. Cable 448 continues through the handle and exitsat a proximal end 454 of the handle.

In a specific implementation, cable 448, after exiting the handle, maythen be connected to a power supply 449. In another configuration, thepower supply is contained within the handle.

The cables 439 a, 439 b, and 448 may include standard electrical wiring(e.g., copper or aluminum wire), which may be stranded, solid core, orboth. The cables will typically be enclosed in a cable jacket. The cablejacket is typically constructed of a flexible material. The cable jacketmay be made of shrink wrap tubing, plastic, rubber, or vinyl.

The cables may be active and include electrical wiring because theradiation sources may include light emitting diodes (LEDs), electrodesfor delivering radio frequency (RF) energy, microwave antennas fordelivering microwave energy, or combinations of these.

One or more of the cables may be at least partially enclosed in achannel or conduit within the hand piece. The channel can help to guideand protect the cables so that they do not become tangled with the othercomponents (e.g., fluid and vacuum lines) in the hand piece.

In another implementation, one or more of the cables may be partially orcompletely outside the hand piece. For example, one or more of theradiation sources may be attached to an external surface of the handpiece. The cable for the radiation source may then be external to thehand piece instead of within the hand piece and may run along theexternal surface of the hand piece.

In an embodiment, the radiation source holder is integrated with the tipholder as a single piece and is disposable. A plug at intersection 445may be used to mate cable 448 with the individual cables extending fromthe radiation sources. For example, the end of cable 448 may include aplug while cables 439 a and 439 b may converge into a socket which thenfits into the plug.

The tip holder may be designed to require less frequent replacement thanthe tip as the tip holder will not be subject to as much wear and tearas the tip. Different tip holders may also be packaged as a kit for theuser. The different tip holders may include different types of radiationsources. For example, a first tip holder may include only blue LEDs, asecond tip holder may include both blue and red LEDs, a third tip holdermay include only electrodes for RF therapy, a fourth tip holder mayinclude only microwave antennas for microwave energy therapy, a fifthtip holder may include a combination of LEDs, electrodes, and microwaveantennas.

Different patients have different types of skin problems. For example,some patients may only have acne problems. Other patients may have bothacne and wrinkle problems. The different types of radiation sourcesallow users to select a specific type of radiation source or a specificcombination of radiation sources to customize a patient's treatment andtreat specific conditions.

In an embodiment, an integrated connector includes the vacuum or annularpassageway, the radiation sources, and fluid openings. The integratedconnector may be designed so that the user may detach and reattach theintegrated connector. The integrated connector may include a lockingmechanism (e.g., insert and twist). Such a design allows the use ofdifferent types of integrated connectors with the same hand piece. Thus,different skin therapies may be administered using the same hand piece,but with a different integrated connector.

In yet another embodiment, the radiation source holder may be integratedwith the handle as a single piece. The tip holder may remain a separatepiece and be designed to be replaced by the user when the tip holderwears out. In this embodiment, it will be less expensive to replace thetip holder because the tip holder will not include the radiation sourcesand their associated cables.

In yet another embodiment, the radiation source holder, tip holder, andhandle are separate pieces. The radiation source holder may be designedsuch that it can be removed and attached to the handle by a user (e.g.,insert radiation source holder into handle and then twist or screw. Asanother example, the radiation source holder may be designed to snap orpress into the handle (i.e., snap fit and press fit).

In an embodiment, the radiation sources are positioned such that theyare on a same plane 450 as the tip. That is, the distance from thepatient's tissue to the tip and the distance from the patient's tissueto the radiation source will be the same.

However, in other embodiments, one or more radiation sources may not bepositioned on the same plane as the tip. That is, the distance from thepatient's tissue to the tip and the distance from the patient's tissueto the radiation source will be different. For example, in anembodiment, the radiation sources are positioned such that they areabove a plane 450 on the tip. When the tip touches the patient's tissue,the radiation sources are some distance above the area where the tipcontacts the tissue.

In another embodiment, the radiation sources are positioned such thatthey are below an abrasive surface of the tip. For example, the abrasivesurface may be recessed in the tip and the tissue is drawn into therecessed portion of the tip. The radiation sources are below thisrecessed distance. In other embodiments, radiation sources are at thesame plane as the recessed abrasive surface. The radiation sources areabove the same plane of the recessed abrasive surface. In a furtherimplementation, the tip has a translucent housing (e.g., clear), so theradiation can penetrate through the translucent housing to the tissuesurface being drawn into the tip's recessed abrasive surface.

For example, a radiation source may be positioned from about 1millimeter to about 50 millimeters away from plane 450, including lessthan 1 millimeter away from plane 450 and more than 50 millimeters awayfrom plane 450. Generally, moving the radiation source away from plane450 will spread out the radiation (e.g., light beam) coverage on thepatient's tissue, but reduce the intensity of the radiation. Conversely,moving the radiation source closer to plane 450 will decrease theradiation coverage on the patient's tissue, but increase the intensityof the radiation. In some applications it may be desirable to increasethe radiation coverage and decrease the radiation intensity. In otherapplications it may be desirable to decrease the radiation coverage andincrease the radiation intensity.

In a specific implementation, a cross section of the hand piece, tip,tip holder, radiation source holder, or combinations of these includesat least two concentric spaces, i.e., two spaces having a common center.For example, a cross section taken of fluid delivery line 418 at or neardistal end 442 may show a circular shaped fluid path 415, i.e., a firstpassageway. The cross section may also include annular passageway 427.Thus, the cross section may also show a ring or circular shapedpassageway, i.e., a second passageway which surrounds the firstpassageway. That is, the first passageway includes an inner circle whichis surrounded by an outer circle included in the second passageway. Thefirst and second passageways may be concentric, i.e., have a commoncenter.

This concentricity feature of the invention provides certain benefitsincluding, for example, an even distribution of fluids around the targettissue (e.g., surface being abraded) and an even amount of fluid drawninto the annular passageway. That is, one side of the target tissue isnot receiving more or less fluid than another side of the target tissue.Similarly, one side of the target tissue is not receiving more or lesssuction than another side of the target tissue. This provides moreuniform results.

In a specific embodiment, the area of the first passageway is the sameas the area of the second passageway. In another embodiment, the area ofthe first passageway is different than the area of the secondpassageway. The area of the first passageway may be greater than thearea of the second passageway. For example, the area of the firstpassageway may be about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or more than 70 percentgreater than the area of the second passageway. In other embodiments,the area of the second passageway may be greater than the area of thefirst passageway. For example, the area of the second passageway may beabout 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or more than 70 percent greater than thearea of the first passageway.

The variations in areas of the first and second passageways allows moreor less fluid and more or less suction to be administered at the targettissue. For example, in some cases it may be desirable to leave acertain amount of fluid on the target tissue so that the fluid can beslowly absorbed by the tissue. Varying the areas of the first and secondpassageways allows different fluid volumes, different fluid rates, anddifferent suction amounts at the target tissue to treat the differenttypes of skin conditions that different patients may have.

FIG. 5 shows a front view of a hand piece 505. A tip 515 is placed in atip holder 512. The tip is surrounded by a radiation source holder 520.The radiation source holder is then surrounded by an annular passageway525. The annular passageway is formed by the inside perimeter of the tipholder and the outside perimeter of the radiation source holder. Supportribs 527 a, 527 b, 527 c, and 527 d connect the radiation source holderto the tip holder.

The support ribs extend from an inside edge of the tip holder to anoutside edge of the radiation source holder. The support ribs help toform the annular passageway. Generally, the less volume or space takenup by the support ribs enlarges the volume of the annular passageway.

In a specific implementation, fluids exit at an edge 529 of the tip. Forexample, the tip and tip holder may include one or more channels whichmate to form an opening through which fluid flows. The tip may contain akey that fits into a notch in the tip holder. This key and notch featureensures that the channels in the tip and tip holder are properly alignedto form the fluid openings.

In other implementations, fluids may exit from one or more openings on asurface of the tip. In yet another implementation, the one or more fluidopenings may be on or at the end of a nipple placed on the tip. Thisextends the one or more openings closer to the patient's skin to ensurethat the skin is treated with the fluids.

The fluids and abraded tissues are vacuumed or sucked back into the handpiece through the annular passageway. This vacuuming or suctioning offluids and abraded tissues is the result of a negative pressurecondition created in the annular passageway by a vacuum source. Thevolume of annular passageway will vary depending upon the specificdesign, but generally, larger volume annular passageways will helpprevent potential blockage or other similar problems, especially whencompared to pores or other structures that will restrict flow more.

The radiation source holder includes radiation sources 530 a, 530 b, 530c, 530 d, 530 e, 530 f, 530 g, and 530 h. The radiation sources may bemounted in the radiation source holder using, for example, an adhesive.The radiation sources are aligned such that they emit radiation into theskin.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, there are eight radiation sources.However, the number of radiation sources can range from one to aboutfifteen. For example, there may be two, three, four, five, six, seven,eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more thanfifteen radiation sources.

In a specific implementation, the radiation sources are equally spacedfrom each other and evenly distributed about tip 515. For example, in animplementation where the radiation sources are arranged in a circle, theangle between any two radiation sources is given by 360 degrees dividedby a total number of radiation sources (e.g., for five radiationsources, the angle is 72 degrees; for six radiation sources, the angleis 60 degrees; for seven radiation sources, the angle is 51.4 degrees;for eight radiation sources, the angle is 45 degrees; for nine radiationsources, the angle is 40 degrees). In other implementations, theradiation sources may not be equally spaced from each other.

The example in FIG. 5 also shows each radiation source having the samecross-sectional area. However, this is not always the case. In otherimplementations, a radiation source will have a cross-sectional areathat is different from the cross-sectional area of another radiationsource. This may be the case where, for example, the radiation sourcesinclude differently sized light emitting diodes. Differently sized lightemitting diodes may be used, for example, to provide different amountsof light of a certain wavelength in order to treat a specific skincondition.

Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the radiation source may notalways be the circular cross-sectional area as shown. For example, thecross-sectional area may be another shape such as a square, rectangle,triangle, oval, ellipse, or other. Furthermore, the shape of thecross-sectional area of the radiation source may vary depending on wherethe cross-section is taken. For example, one end of a radiation sourcemay have a circular shape. The opposite end may have a square shape.

FIG. 5 also shows a specific configuration where the radiation sourceholder is surrounded by the annular passageway. One advantage of thisconfiguration is that the radiation sources are positioned adjacent towhere the fluids exit the tip. This helps to ensure that any lightsensitive agents in the fluid will be activated. In an implementationusing RF or microwave energy, the configuration also helps to ensurethat fluids are present between the radiation sources or electrodes toprovide a conductive element and to prevent thermal injury to the skin.

However, other implementations may have different configurations. Forexample, the radiation source holder may instead surround the annularpassageway. This allows, for example, more space to include additionalradiation sources to provide a more intense light therapy session. Inyet another implementation, another radiation source holder may bepresent. For example, the annular passageway may be located between afirst radiation source holder and a second radiation source holder. Theaddition of a second radiation source holder may be used to treat alarger surface area of tissue as compared to a single radiation sourceholder.

Furthermore, in a specific implementation of the invention, there areother radiation sources besides those mounted in the radiation sourceholder. These other radiation sources, such as LEDs, may not be intendedfor light therapy. Instead, they may serve other purposes such asillumination, aesthetics, or both. For example, a radiation source maybe placed on or near the tip holder and directed at the patient, inorder to illuminate the area of skin being treated. This allows a userto easily see the area they are treating as treatments typically occurin dimly lit rooms in order to provide a relaxing environment for thepatient. These other radiation sources may also be used for aestheticpurposes. For example, blue LEDs may be placed on the handle to make thehand piece more attractive and contribute to a relaxing ambiance in thetreatment room.

FIG. 5 shows a radiation source holder having a ring-like cross-section.However, the specific shape of the radiation source holder may vary. Forexample, the shape may be a square, rectangle, triangle, oval, ellipse,or other shape.

Several dimensions are also shown in FIG. 5 which are summarized intable A below.

TABLE A First Implementation Second Implementation Variable (mm) (mm) a48-88 68 b 32-60 46 c 20-36 28

It should be appreciated that many other implementations are possible.These dimensions may vary considerably depending on the topography,size, or both of the tissue surface to be treated. For example, thesurface area of tip 515 may range from about 25 square millimeters toabout 350 square millimeters. A smaller treatment tip (i.e., treatmenttip having a small cross-sectional area such as 28.3 square millimeters)may be more suitable for a tissue surface that has many contours, suchas a patient's face. The smaller treatment tip can be placed so that itremains flush with the contours of the skin surface during treatment. Inother cases, a larger treatment tip (i.e., treatment tip having a largecross-sectional area such as 314 square millimeters) may be moresuitable for a large and relatively flat tissue surface, such as apatient's back. The larger treatment tip can cover a greater amount ofarea and will lessen the treatment time.

In a specific embodiment, a radiation source is within about 20millimeters of the tip or a diameter or width of tip 515. Thisfacilitates treating of the target tissue (e.g., surface being abraded)with sufficient radiation energy, especially when compared to overheador ambient background light. The closer the radiation source is to thetarget surface, the greater the energy level that reaches the targetsurface; as distance is reduced, the energy increases according a squarefunction. Furthermore, in an implementation, the radiation source isassociated with (e.g., attached to the tip), so when the tip moves, theradiation source moves too; as the tip is moved, the distance betweenthe radiation source and the tip does not change. This provides moreuniform results (e.g., it is not desirable to have blotchy—such as redspots on some parts of the face—results due to a radiation sourcedistance varying as the tip is used)

For example, one or more radiation sources are within 25.4 millimetersof an abrasive surface of the tip, abrasive brushes of the tip, orvacuum opening of the tip, or any combination of these. In a furtherimplementation, one or more radiation sources are within 10 millimetersof a feature of the tip. In a further implementation, one or moreradiation sources are within 5 millimeters of a feature of the tip.

In yet another embodiment, the distance between a radiation source andthe tip is less than the longest distance across the tip. The distancebetween a radiation source and the tip may be less than twice thelongest distance across the tip. The longest distance across the tip mayvary depending on the shape of the tip. For example, the tip may havethe shape of a circle, oval, or ellipse, or polygon. Some examples ofpolygonal shapes include irregular polygons, regular polygons, squares,rectangles, triangles, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, octagons,nonagons, decagons, hendecagons, and dodecagons. Furthermore, the shapemay be convex or concave (e.g., kidney-shaped and a polygon with areflex angle).

For example, if the tip has a circular shape then the longest distanceacross the tip is the diameter of the tip; and the distance between aradiation source and the tip is less than twice the diameter of the tip.If the tip has an elliptical shape then the longest distance across thetip is the major axis of the tip; and the distance between a radiationsource and the tip is less than twice the major axis of the tip. If thetip has a triangular shape then the longest distance across the tip isthe longest altitude of the tip; and the distance between a radiationsource and the tip is less than twice the altitude of the tip.

As a further example, if the tip is a polygon with at least four sidesthen the longest distance across the tip is the longest diagonal (i.e.,the longest distance between nonadjacent vertices). For example, if thetip has a square shape then the longest distance across the tip is thediagonal of the tip; and the distance between a radiation source and thetip is less than twice the diagonal of the tip.

It should also be appreciated that the longest distance across the tipmay cross one or more boundary lines of the tip as may be the case withconcave shapes. In this case the longest distance across the tip may bethe longest line segment between two points on the boundary line of thetip.

In a specific implementation, the tip has a fluid output and a vacuumopening surrounding the tip removes (via suction) the fluid output bythe fluid output. However, in other implementations, the fluid flow mayoperate in reverse; fluid is provided by one or more openings in region525 and is removed by one or more openings in tip region 515. Theradiation source can be between regions 515 and 525.

FIG. 6 shows another aspect of the present invention which includes ahand piece 605 that has a vibrating mechanism 610. The hand pieceincludes a tip holder 615 into which a tip 620 is placed. The tip holderis then fitted over the hand piece to form an annular passageway 625.The hand piece includes a fluid line 630 which is connected to a fluidsource. The hand piece includes a vacuum line 635 which is connected toa vacuum source. There is a fluid path 640 and a vacuum path 645 whichcreate a closed loop vacuum. The vibrating mechanism is used to vibratethe tip and tip holder to provide a massage during a microdermabrasiontreatment.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, the vibrating mechanism includes arotary motor 650, an eccentric weight 655, and a power supply 660 topower the rotary motor.

The eccentric weight is attached in an offset position with a rotaryshaft 665. The rotary shaft extends from the eccentric weight to acoupler 670. A motor shaft 675 extends from the coupler to the rotarymotor. A switch 680 is coupled between the rotary motor and the powersupply. The switch has a power input line 685 which is coupled to thepower supply. The switch has a power output line 690 which is coupled tothe rotary motor.

When the user places the switch into the on position, power flows fromthe power supply to the rotary motor. The rotary motor then begins tospin the eccentric weight. The rotation of the eccentric weight causesthe hand piece to vibrate. The vibrations are transmitted to the tip andtip holder which are placed against the patient's skin. The resultingvibrations can create a pleasant massage effect for the patient. Thevibrations may also enhance the movement of the tip over the patient'stissue. That is, the vibrations may be directed to the tip by, forexample, coupling the vibrations to a transmitting material that iscoupled to or near the tip. Such vibrations may also be used in acoustictherapy.

Certain fluids may be used to enhance the massaging effect. For example,these fluids may carry a warming agent such as eucalyptus, menthol, orginger root.

In a specific implementation, the power supply is a battery (e.g.,triple-A, double-A, C type battery, D type battery). The battery may bedisposable or rechargeable. In another implementation, the power mayinstead be supplied as AC power (e.g., from an AC outlet). When acomponent, such as the rotary motor uses DC power, the system willinclude an AC-to-DC converter to convert AC power to DC power.

Although FIG. 6 shows the power supply and the switch within the handpiece, other implementations may have different configurations. Forexample, the power supply, switch, or both may be located externally tothe hand piece such as in a console. A cable (e.g., electrical cable)may then be used to connect the rotary motor in the hand piece to thepower supply in the console.

Locating the power supply external to the hand piece may result in alighter hand piece. This may then result in less fatigue to a user whoperforms multiple microdermabrasion treatments throughout the day.However, in other cases it may be desirable to place the power supplywithin the hand piece to result in a heavier hand piece. The additionalmass can provide an increased massage effect.

Other embodiments of the invention may use other vibrating mechanismssuch as a piezoelectric vibrating device, ultrasonic vibrating device,an ultrasound generator, or other.

Referring now to FIG. 4, in an embodiment, the handle forms a rightangle (90-degree angle) to the tip and tip holder. However, in otherembodiments, the angle may be different. The angle typically ranges from0 degrees to about 90 degrees. This includes, for example, 30, 45, 60,or more than 90 degrees. The angle may make the hand piece morecomfortable for a user to hold while treating a patient.

The handle may be made of plastic, such as nylon or other plastic, butmay also be made of metal, such as stainless steel, for example, orceramics or composites. The handle may include a combination ofmaterials such as both plastic and rubber. The rubber may be used toprovide a surface for the user to grip. The handle may also have acontoured surface. That is, a surface having concave regions, convexregions, or both to make the handle more comfortable to hold.

Although FIG. 4 only shows the hand piece including radiation sources,an embodiment of the invention may also include a vibrating mechanismsuch as that described above and shown in FIG. 6. Furthermore, the handpiece may contain other electronics to help drive and control theradiation sources such as pulse controllers, capacitors, and the like.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the invention may includedisplay 234 connected to the control unit via a data line 258. Thecontrol unit may also include a security block.

The display may be a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display(LCD), plasma display, thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFTLCD), electroluminescent (EL), or organic light emitting diode (OLED)display. The screen may include a touch screen interface. Such touchscreen interfaces are easier to clean compared to key pads if theybecome contaminated because they do not contain mechanical parts.

The display is used to provide information to the user. For example, inan embodiment of the invention using RF energy, or microwave energy, orboth, the displayed information may include the temperature of theradiation sources, power level, cycles, or combinations of these. In anembodiment of the invention including LEDs, the displayed informationmay also include which color LEDs are currently enabled, disabled, orboth.

In an embodiment, the control unit includes a security block thatcontrols operation of the system. The security block enables or disablesoperation of the microdermabrasion system based on certain input (e.g.,user input), which varies depending on the specific embodiment of theinvention.

When operation is disabled by the security block, the user will not beable to operate the system. For example, the system will not turn on,fluid will not flow, there will be no vacuum, or power is not suppliedto one or more components of the system. When enabled, the user will beable to operate the system normally.

For example, the system may include one or more valves placed at variouslocations on the fluid path, vacuum path, or both. Valves may be placed,for example, between the fluid reservoir and fluid pump, the fluid pumpand hand piece, the vacuum source and filter, the filter and thecollection reservoir, the filter and collection reservoir, orcombinations of these. The security block receives input from varioussources and generates a number of signals that goes to variouscomponents including the valves. Based on the input, the security blockmay open the valves to enable operation or close one or more valves todisable the flow path and thus disable operation of the system.

There may also be one or more switches placed on the power path betweenthe security block and the various components that require power such asthe fluid pump, vacuum source, radiation sources, microwave generator,or RF generator. The security block may send signals that enable theswitches and thus permit power to flow to the components or send signalsthat disable the switches and prevent power from flowing to thecomponents. Furthermore, in an implementation, a component (e.g., fluidpump, vacuum source, radiation source, microwave generator, RFgenerator, and negative ion generator) may have a control input which isconnected to the security block. This control input controls whetherthat component turns on or off, even when power is connected to thecomponent.

During a combination microdemabrasion and radiation therapy session, auser places the tip against the patient's skin. As disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/040,867, the tip may be disposable andreplaceable and may include abrasive particles or bristles to exfoliatethe patient's skin. Fluids flow from the fluid source, through the fluiddelivery line and exit the tip. When the vacuum source is turned on, anegative pressure region is created in the vacuum line and around thetip. The negative pressure creates a suction that pulls the patient'sskin into contact with the tip. As a user runs the hand piece over thepatient's skin, the abraded skin is treated with fluids which are thensuctioned away into the hand piece.

Simultaneously, radiation is emitted or outputted from the radiationsources to provide the therapeutic benefits associated with light,photodynamic, RF energy, microwave energy therapy, or combinations ofthese. This simultaneous blending of therapies offers benefits that aredifficult to achieve through, for example, separate microdermabrasionand light therapy treatments. For example, certain fluids may havetherapeutic agents that are activated by specific wavelengths of light,heat, or both. Furthermore, the stimulation of the patient's tissue viathe suction and abrasion process may allow more infusion and scatteringof the light through the tissue than would be the case if the patient'sskin was simply exposed to light.

FIG. 7 shows a partially exploded view of a specific implementation of acombination microdermabrasion system. This implementation includes ahand piece 705. The hand piece is designed to be handheld by a user forits application to a skin 706 of a patient in the performance ofmicrodermabrasion and radiation therapy. As such, it may be designedwith an elongated handle 703 to facilitate grasping by a user. One ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many different shapes andmaterials may be employed for the handle and the present invention isnot to be limited to an elongated, substantially cylindrical handle asshown.

One or more radiation sources 750 a, 750 b are located outside aperiphery of an abrasive member or tip 730 (e.g., abrasive region) as inthe example of tip 515 in FIG. 5. The radiation sources may bepositioned between an annulus 726 and a passageway 728. For example, theradiation sources may be located on a shoulder 753 of a functional block718. In yet another embodiment, the radiation sources may be located ona treatment tip 722. The radiation sources are positioned to emitradiation 755 a and 755 b into the patient's skin.

In the example of FIG. 7, the handle is made of plastic, such as nylonor other plastic having sufficient toughness and mechanical strength,but may also be made of metal, such as stainless steel, for example, orceramics or composites. The handle is annular or tubular, providing apassageway 706 through which tube 709 is extended.

Tube 709 is adapted to be connected at its proximal end 712 (the endextending away from handle 703) to a fluid reservoir 226 (see FIG. 2)which is in turn, open to atmosphere. The tube is flexible and may bemade of PVC or other compatible plastic, for example. Similarly, allother vacuum lines described herein are flexible to affordmaneuverability to the hand piece and may be made of PVC or othercompatible plastic. Alternatively, the proximal end of tube 709 can beleft open to atmosphere or connected to a flow control valve, filter, orboth, with or without connection to fluid reservoir 226 (see FIG. 2).

A distal end 715 of tube 709 is connected to functional block 718, by africtional fit, as shown. Alternatively, a clamp or other type ofconnector may be provided to facilitate a pressure tight seal betweentube 709 and the functional block. The functional block is adapted to befixed to the handle and may be machined from metal such as surgicalstainless steel or may be machined or molded of plastic or casted ormolded from ceramic. The functional block may be fixed to the handleusing threads 720 or other mechanical or chemical equivalent, althoughthe fixation or interconnection is preferably done so that thefunctional block can readily be detached and reconnected easily.

A vacuum head base 720 is fitted over functional block 718 to form apressure tight seal therewith. The vacuum head base may be machined frommetal such as surgical stainless steel or may be machined or molded ofplastic or casted or molded from ceramic. The vacuum head base may befrictionally fit over the functional block with a seal being effectuatedby positioning one or more O-rings or other sealing members between thefunctional block and vacuum head base 720.

Treatment tip 722 is fitted over the end of the vacuum head base, and,likewise may be friction fit, provided with threads, or both or otherattachment means to provide a pressure tight fit between the components.The treatment tip is smooth surfaced and adapted to glide over the skinsurface for application of lotions, vitamins or other fluids theretoduring processing. The treatment tip may be made of plastic such asnylon or glass, such as Pyrex, for example and is preferably, althoughnot necessarily transparent or translucent. A transparent treatment tipallows better visualization by the operator during processing.

One or more O-rings or other sealing members may be provided betweenvacuum head base 720 and the treatment tip to facilitate the pressuretight seal. Alternatively, the treatment tip may be integrally machinedor molded with the vacuum head base.

The treatment tip includes an opening 724 which targets an area of skinto be microabraded when the treatment tip is applied to the skin.Although shown with a single large opening 724, it is conceivable thatthe treatment tip could be provided with more than one opening toperform a similar function as described below.

Functional block 718 is a tubular structure that is configured to matewith vacuum head base 720. The vacuum head base is also a tubularstructure which has a significantly larger inside diameter than theoutside diameter of the distal portion of functional block 718, so as toform an annulus or annular space 726 therebetween. Treatment tip 722extends annular space 726.

A passageway 728 runs the full length of functional block 718 and formsa continuation of the flow path defined by tube 709 when the tube isconnected to the proximal end of functional block 718.

An abrasive member 730 is formed at the distal end of functional block718 thereby closing off passageway 728 at the distal end of functionalblock 718. The abrasive member is formed by fusing abrasive particles tothe end of the functional block 718, or could alternatively be made asan abrasive disk and fitted within an open end of the functional blockto seal the end or mounted to a closed end of functional block 718.Although the abrasive member shown is substantially planar, it mayalternatively be rounded, flared, concave, convex or elongated, forexample. The abrasive particles are of a size ranging from about 50 gritto 300 grit, typically about 100 grit to 120 grit and are typicallycarborundum (aluminum oxide) or sodium bicarbonate, or the like. Thecoarser particles (at the lower ends of the grit ranges) may be providedon a functional block for use in initial treatments, while finerparticles (at the higher ends of the grit ranges) may be employed forsubsequent treatments.

Alternatively, the abrasive member may be formed by knurling, machining,laser treatment or otherwise mechanically or chemically treating aclosed end of the functional block to form the abrasive end. One or moreopenings 732 are provided through the wall of the distal tubularstructure of functional block 718 to establish one or more flow pathwaysbetween passageway 728 and annulus 726. Treatment tip 722 extends beyondthe extremity of functional block 718 such that abrasive member 730 ispositioned internally of assembled hand piece 705, and surrounded byannulus 726.

An opening or port 734 is provided in the vacuum head base 720 forconnection of a vacuum source, for example, by connecting vacuum port734 to the vacuum source via a vacuum line. When vacuum is appliedthrough opening 734, opening 724 is sealed off, for example, by placingit up against skin tissue, a closed loop vacuum flow path is establishedbetween the vacuum source and connecting line, vacuum opening 734,annulus 726, one or more openings 732, passage way 728, and tube 709.This flow path is shown in FIG. 7 as a dotted line 760.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an abrasive tip 805 placed within a tipholder 810. The tip holder may include one or more radiation sourcessuch as radiation sources 825 a, 825 b, 825 c, and 825 d. Fluid flowsout of one or more fluid openings such as fluid openings 815 a, 815 b,815 c, and 815 d to treat the skin. An annular opening 820 surrounds theabrasive tip and fluid openings. The annular opening is connected to anannular passageway 821. Support ribs, such as 822 a, 822 b, 822 c, and822 d help to support tube 823 in the annular passageway.

As shown in the example in FIG. 8, a fluid opening includes an outeredge 824 at a first position which is outside an edge or periphery 840of the abrasive surface. The fluid input opening (i.e., annular opening)includes an edge or outer edge 843 at a second position, outside aperiphery of the abrasive surface and is a greater distance away fromthe abrasive surface than the second position.

In a specific implementation, the abrasive tip includes an abrasivesurface 830, a side surface 833, and a back side 1004 (see FIG. 10). Anedge 840 at the perimeter of the abrasive surface and an edge 843 of thetip holder form the annular opening. That is, edge 840 defines an inneredge and edge 843 defines an outer edge. The annular opening is theregion between the inner and outer edges. In an embodiment, the innerand outer edges are concentric circles. That is, edge 840 (i.e., inneredge) is the inner circle and edge 843 (i.e., outer edge) is the outercircle.

Side surface 833 and an inner surface 835 of the tip holder form theannular passageway. Fluids and abraded tissues are vacuumed or suctionedback into the wand or hand piece through the annular passageway. Thatis, a negative or low pressure region relative to ambient pressure iscreated in the annular passageway.

In a specific embodiment, the annular opening is on the same plane asthe abrasive surface. However, in other embodiments, the annular openingis below or above the plane of the abrasive surface. For example, theannular opening may range from about 0.5 millimeters to about 5millimeters above or below the plane of the abrasive surface.

The annular opening includes a surface area A10. Surface area A10 isgenerally calculated by noting that a distance D10 is between edge 840of the abrasive tip and edge 843 of the tip holder. That is, D10indicates a width of the annular opening. In a specific embodiment wherethe abrasive surface and tip holder have circular cross sections,surface area A10 can be calculated using the equation below:

$\begin{matrix}{{A\; 10} = {{\pi\left\lbrack \frac{\begin{matrix}{{Diameter}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {abrading}} \\{{surface} + \left( {2*D\; 10} \right)}\end{matrix}\mspace{14mu}}{2} \right\rbrack}^{2} - {\pi\left\lbrack \frac{\begin{matrix}{{Diameter}\mspace{14mu} {of}} \\{{abrading}\mspace{14mu} {surface}}\end{matrix}\mspace{14mu}}{2} \right\rbrack}^{2}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

For example, in a specific embodiment, the diameter of the abrasivesurface is about 9 millimeters and distance D10 is about 1.5millimeters. Inserting these values in to equation (1) results in avalue of about 49 square millimeters for surface area A10. In thisspecific embodiment, surface area A10 is less than the surface area ofthe abrasive surface which is about 64 square millimeters. Surface areaA10 is about 23 percent less than the surface area of the abrasivesurface, but may range from about 15 percent to about 30 percent less.

However, in other embodiments, surface area A10 of the annular openingis greater than the surface area of the abrasive surface. For example,in a specific embodiment, the diameter of the abrasive surface is about6 millimeters and distance D10 is about 1.5 millimeters. Inserting thesevalues into equation (1) results in a value of about 36 squaremillimeters for surface area A10. In this specific embodiment, surfacearea A10 is greater than the surface area of the abrasive surface whichis about 28 square millimeters. Surface area A10 is about 28 percentgreater than the surface area of the abrasive surface, but may rangefrom about 15 percent to about 40 percent greater.

Generally, a larger surface area A10 of the annular opening or a largerdistance D10 is desirable. This will help prevent potential blockage orother similar problems. That is, a larger surface area A10 or distanceD10 allows fluid and other debris such as abraded skin particles to passthrough without becoming wedged in the annular opening.

As discussed, in a specific embodiment, distance D10 is about 1.5millimeters. But distance D10 may range from about 0.5 millimeters toabout 10 millimeters. This includes, for example, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1,1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more than 10 millimeters, and less than 0.5millimeters.

Distance D10 varies depending on the specific design or application. Forexample, in some cases a patient may have very dry and flaky skin. Amicrodermabrasion treatment for this particular patient may result inlarge pieces of skin being removed. Thus, a microdermabrasion wand witha large annular opening (e.g., large distance D10) will help to preventthe annular opening from becoming clogged with the large pieces of skin.As another example, a different patient may have normal skin that doesnot include flaky areas. In this case, a microdermabrasion wand with asmaller annular opening (e.g., smaller distance D10) may be used.

The abrasive tip or abrasive surface of the abrasive tip is typicallymade of an impermeable material that does not permit fluid (e.g., gas,air, and liquids) to flow or pass through. That is, the material isgenerally not a sponge or pad. In other words, in a specific embodiment,fluid from a fluid opening is placed on the abrasive surface withoutpassing through the abrasive surface.

The abrasive tip is typically solid and may be made of, for example,plastics such as nylons, thermoplastics, polyethylene, polycarbonate,acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), metals such as stainless steel,aluminum, titanium, or brass.

Because the abrasive tip is typically designed so that fluid flowsaround it or through channels within it, there is less of a chance thatthe fluid flow will be restricted as compared to other materials such assponges, pads or other membranes. In these other materials, fluid flowsthrough small pores in the material and these small pores are morelikely to become clogged.

The abrasive surface is generally formed by fusing (e.g., gluing andimbedding) abrasive particles to the surface. Examples of abrasiveparticles include diamond, silicone carbide, magnesium oxide, aluminumoxide, and the like, or combinations of these. The abrasive surface mayalso be formed by applying an adhesive-backed paper substrate to thesurface, knurling, machining, laser treatment or otherwise mechanicallyor chemically treating the surface. The abrasive surface may alsoinclude an abrasive open screen with bonded abrasive particles.

Some embodiments of the abrasive tip include porous materials. Forexample, in a specific embodiment of the abrasive tip, the abrasive tipincludes an abrasive mesh or web.

The side surface is at an angle to the abrasive surface. In a specificembodiment, the side surface is at a 90-degree angle (i.e.,perpendicular) to the abrasive surface. One or more fluid openings (815a-d) are at least partially formed on the side surface. There can be anynumber of fluid openings. For example, there may be one fluid opening,two fluid openings, or three or more fluid openings such as four fluidopenings as shown in the example of FIG. 8. In a specific embodiment,these fluid openings are evenly distributed around the abrasive tip. Forexample, an angle between the fluid openings is given by 360 degreesdivided by the total number of fluid openings (e.g., two fluid openings,the angle is 180 degrees, three fluid openings, the angle is 60 degrees,four fluid openings, the angle is 90 degrees; and for five fluidopenings, the angle is 72 degrees).

Since the side surface is at an angle to the abrasive surface, thesefluid openings may also be at an angle relative to the abrasive surface.For example, the fluid openings may be perpendicular to the abrasivesurface as shown in the example in FIG. 8. In other words, a linepassing through the perimeter of a fluid opening intersects a plane onwhich the abrasive surface lies.

One benefit of this orientation of the fluid openings to the abrasivesurface is that there is less of a chance that the fluid openings willbecome blocked by the tissue surface. The fluids exit from the fluidopenings, into the annular passageway, and out the annular opening. Thefluids are free to flow directly to the skin without having to firstflow through any sponge, pad, or other membrane or porous material. Forexample, during use, the abrasive surface contacts the skin surface. Atthis point, the skin surface and abrasive surface all lie on the sameplane. The fluid openings, however, are at an angle to that plane andare thus unlikely to become blocked by the skin surface. The fluid thenflows back into the annular opening and into the annular passageway.

As another feature, fluid deposited on the abrasive surface from asingle fluid opening is capable of being drawn into the annular openingfrom one, two, three or more than three directions. Two or moredirections may be opposite to each other, transverse to each other, orboth. For example, as the user runs the abrasive tip over the patient'sskin, fluid exits from the fluid openings such as fluid opening 815 a.The suction in the annular opening and the movement of the tip acrossthe skin surface allows the fluid or a portion of the fluid to flowacross or spread out over the abrasive surface and treat the targetskin. The fluid can then be drawn into the annular opening. In somecases, the fluid exiting fluid opening 815 a will travel the furthestdistance across the tip (e.g., diameter of a circular tip and diagonalof a square or rectangular tip) before being drawn into the annularopening. In other cases, the fluid exiting fluid opening 815 a willtravel a shorter distance across the tip (e.g., cord of a circular tipand side of a square or rectangular tip).

Furthermore, this orientation allows the fluid flow to operateindependently of the force that the user applies to the hand piece. Forexample, if the user applies a large amount of force to the hand pieceto produce a large amount of abrasion, the fluid openings will notbecome blocked or constricted and fluid will continue to freely flow andtreat the skin. For example, the fluid openings will not become smalleror compressed since the fluid openings are formed from rigid materials(e.g., plastic).

Although FIG. 8 shows the annular opening, passageway, and tube havingcircular shapes, other embodiments have different shapes or combinationsof different shapes. Some examples of other shapes include squares,rectangles, ovals, and triangles.

FIG. 9 shows a front view of a specific implementation of a tip holder903 that includes a recess 906 at a distal end 909 of a tube 912. Theabrasive tip fits into the recess. The tube is surrounded by an annularspace or passageway 915. The annular passageway may be interrupted byone or more support ribs 918 a-d which span from an inner surface 921 ofthe tip holder to an outer surface 924 of the tube.

The recess includes a surface 927 which in turn includes features thathelp position the abrasive tip and direct fluid flow around the abrasivetip. Typically, the abrasive tip is positioned such that it is centeredon the tube. For example, a longitudinal axis passing through the centerof the tube will also pass through a center of the abrasive tip.However, in other embodiments, the abrasive tip is offset from the tube.

The features that help position the abrasive tip and direct fluid flowaround the tip include one or more channels such as channels 930 a, 930b, 930 c, and 930 d. These features also include one or more notchessuch as notches 933 a, 933 b, 933 c, and 933 d.

There may be any number of channels (e.g., no channels, one, two, three,four, five, or more than five channels). In an embodiment, the channelsare evenly distributed about a lumen 936 of the tube. For example, anangle between the channels is given by 360 degrees divided by the totalnumber of channels openings (e.g., two channels, the angle is 180degrees, three channels, the angle is 60 degrees, four channels, theangle is 90 degrees; and for five channels, the angle is 72 degrees).

The channels in the recess align with channels in the abrasive tip toform the fluid openings. The notches in the recess help to position theabrasive tip so that the fluid openings can be formed. That is, thenotches mate with keys on the abrasive tip.

In an embodiment, the surface of the recess is at an oblique anglerelative to the outer surface of the tube. Typically, that angle is anacute angle. This allows fluid to flow through the lumen of the tube andout the distal end where the fluid is divided via the channels anddirected along the channels and to a periphery of the abrasive tip. Thefluid is then vacuumed or suctioned into the annular passageway.

The tube is positioned within the annular passageway. In a specificembodiment, the tube and annular passageway are positioned to formconcentric circles. That is, the tube and annular passageway share acommon center axis and the annular passageway encircles the abrasivesurface. For example, a lateral cross section through the tip holdershows an inner circle (i.e., tube) and an outer circle (i.e., annularpassageway) having a diameter that is greater than the diameter of theinner circle (i.e., tube). The inner and outer circles are concentric. Afluid flow is through the tube, through the fluid openings, into theannular passageway, out the annular opening, and then back into theannular opening and annular passageway. In other words, fluids pass outof and back into the same opening, i.e., the annular opening.

In this specific embodiment, the pressure in the lumen of the tube isgreater than the pressure in the annular passageway. That is, theannular passageway includes a region of pressure which at leastpartially surrounds the tube. The region of pressure is less than thepressure in the lumen of the tube. This pressure differential at leastpartially contributes to the fluid flow through the lumen of the tube,out the distal end of the tube, and then back into the hand piecethrough the annular passageway.

In another embodiment, the fluid flow is reversed. That is, fluid flowsthrough and out the annular passageway and then flows into the lumen ofthe tube.

In a specific embodiment, the fluid in the lumen is a liquid rather thana gas. That is, the fluid is incompressible. However, in otherembodiments, the fluid includes gases as well.

The tip holder may be designed so that the abrasive tip can rest or siton the tip holder. Specifically, the abrasive tip may rest or sit on therecess of the tip holder rather than being placed between the tip holderand some other member of the microdermabrasion hand piece. This makesthe abrasive tip easy to replace since it allows the user to remove theabrasive tip and insert a new abrasive tip without having to also removethe tip holder. However, in other implementations, as shown, forexample, in FIG. 11, the abrasive tip is placed between the tip holderand another member of the microdermabrasion hand piece.

It should be appreciated that any arrangement or number of support ribs(including no support ribs) is possible so long as fluids are able topass through the vacuum created in the annular passageway.

Consequently, a flange, or a portion of a flange may be used between theinner surface of the tip holder and the outer surface of the tube,either with or without support ribs. For example, where a flangecompletely encircles the tube, the flange may contain one or moreopenings which allow fluids to pass from the front of the tip holder tothe back of the tip holder.

The tip holder may be formed using any number of manufacturingtechniques. Some examples include machining, casting, molding, injectionmolding, etching, or combinations of these.

In a specific embodiment, the outer width (e.g., outer diameter) of thetip holder tapers or decreases from a proximal end 940 of the tip holderto the distal end of the tube. This may also result in a tapering ordecrease of the cross-sectional area of the annular passageway fromproximal end 940 to the distal end of the tube. However, in otherembodiments the cross-sectional area of the annular passageway remainsconstant regardless of whether the outer diameter of the tip holdertapers. For example, the walls of the tip holder may have a thicknessthat varies. The walls of the tip holder may be thicker at the proximalend of the tip holder than at the distal end of the tube. Thus, across-sectional area taken at a point between the proximal and distalends may be the same as a cross-sectional area taken at a differentpoint between the proximal and distal ends.

FIG. 10 shows a view of the back side of a specific implementation of anabrasive tip 1005 that fits into a tip holder 1006. In thisimplementation, the abrasive tip 1005 includes channels 1010 a, 1010 b,1010 c, and 1010 d. Channels 1010 c and 1010 d are not shown due to theperspective view of the drawing. Abrasive tip 1005 also includes collars1015 a, 1015 b, 1015 c, and 1015 d and a key 1020.

In a specific implementation, the channels 1010 a, 1010 b, 1010 c, and1010 d are equally spaced around the perimeter of the abrasive tip. Forexample, in an implementation where the abrasive tip has a circularcross section and four channels, the channels may be located at 0, 90,180, 270, and 360 degrees. In other implementations, the abrasive tipmay include less than four channels, such as no channels, one channel,two channels, or three channels. In another implementation, there may bemore than four channels, including, for example, five, six, seven,eight, or more than eight channels.

The channels are recessed into a conical surface 1022 on the back sideof the tip. An angle between the conical surface and the abrasivesurface is typically less than 90 degrees. For example, the angle mayrange from about 20 degrees to about 80 degrees. This includes less than20 degrees, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, or more than 80 degrees. The conicalsurface starts at the cylindrical surface of the collars and spreads outtowards the front of the tip. The channels extend outwardly through thecollars towards the front of the tip. In a specific implementation, thechannels terminate on a side surface 1025 of the tip. In anotherimplementation, the channels may continue through to the front of thetip.

Channels 1010 a, 1010 b, 1010 c, and 1010 d in the abrasive tip alignwith channels 930 a, 930 b, 930 c, and 930 d in the tip holder as shownin FIG. 9. When these channels are aligned they form the openings 815 a,815 b, 815 c, and 815 d as shown in FIG. 8 that fluid flows out of. Forexample, with reference to FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, channel 1010 a in theabrasive tip aligns with channel 930 a in the tip holder to form opening815 a. Channel 1010 b in the abrasive tip aligns with channel 930 b inthe tip holder to form opening 815 b. Channel 1010 c in the abrasive tipaligns with channel 930 c in the tip holder to form opening 815 c.Channel 1010 d in the abrasive tip aligns with channel 930 d in the tipholder to form opening 815 d.

FIG. 10 shows U-shaped or semi-circular shaped channels which, whenaligned, form circular shaped openings. However, this is not always thecase. In other implementations, the openings formed may have the shapeof a polygon such as a rectangle or square, or the shape may beelliptical or oval. Furthermore, there may be a combination ofdifferently shaped openings which are formed using differently shapedchannels.

In a specific implementation, the openings allow fluid to flow outaround the perimeter of the abrasive tip as opposed to the front surfaceof the abrasive tip. This prevents the tissue that is being treated fromoccluding the openings.

However, in other implementations, there may be openings on the surfaceof the abrasive tip itself. For example, there may be an opening forfluid located in the center of the abrasive tip. Additionally, there mayalso be a combination of openings at different locations. For example,there may be openings located at or near the perimeter of the abrasivetip and an opening or openings on the surface of the abrasive tip.

In a specific implementation, the openings all have the samecross-sectional areas. The total cross-sectional area of the openings isless than the surface area of the abrasive surface. For example, thetotal cross-sectional area of the opening may be about 20 to about 60percent less than the surface area of the abrasive surface.

Each cross-sectional area of an opening may range, for example, fromabout 0.05 square millimeters to about 20 square millimeters. Forexample, the cross-sectional areas may be 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6,1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1,3.2, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 10, 15, or 19.9 square millimeters. Depending onthe application, the cross-sectional area may be less than 0.05 squaremillimeters, or greater than 20 square millimeters. In otherimplementations, the cross-sectional areas of the openings will bedifferent. For example, one opening may have a cross-sectional area of0.03 square millimeters, while another opening may have across-sectional area of 0.05 square millimeters.

In yet another implementation, the cross-sectional area of a particularopening may vary from one end of the opening to the opposite end. Thisallows, for example, varying the flow rate and velocity of fluid exitingfrom the openings.

In a specific implementation, key 1020 in the abrasive tip fits into anyof notches 933 a, 933 b, 933 c, and 933 d in the tip holder as shown inFIG. 9. Thus, this specific implementation provides for four differentpositions for the abrasive tip to be positioned in tip holder.

There may be any number of keys. For example, there may be no keys, one,two, three, four, five, or more than five keys. In a specificimplementation, the number of keys on the abrasive tip is the same asthe number of notches on the tip holder. In another implementation, thenumber is different. For example, there may be fewer keys on theabrasive tip than notches on the tip holder.

In a specific implementation, the sizes of the keys and notches are thesame. In another implementation, the sizes are different. In yet anotherimplementation, the notches are on the abrasive tip while the keys areon the tip holder, or there may be a combination arrangement. That is,an implementation includes a combination of keys and notches on both theabrasive tip and tip holder.

The key or keys ensure that channels 930 a, 930 b, 930 c, and 930 d inthe tip holder (see FIG. 9) and channels 1010 a, 1010 b, 1010 c, and1010 d in the abrasive tip are properly aligned to form openings 815 a,815 b, 815 c, and 815 d (see FIG. 8) through which fluid flows out.

In a specific implementation, the keys are used to specifically misaligncertain channels in the tip holder and abrasive tip in order to not forman opening for fluid to exit. Thus, the amount of fluid exiting may beadjusted by misaligning the channels in the abrasive tip with thechannels in the tip holder.

In a specific implementation where there is a particular direction oftravel for the abrasive tip, the keys may also be used to ensure thatthe abrasive tip is properly positioned along the particular directionof travel. For example, the abrasive tip may include two regions havingdifferent grits such as coarse and fine grits. A microdermabrasiontreatment may include treatment with the coarse grit followed by thefine grit. Thus, the user will run the hand piece over the patient'stissue so that the tissue is first treated by the coarse grit region ofthe abrasive tip.

Collars 1015 a, 1015 b, 1015 c, and 1015 d slide into the tip holder.Collars 1015 a, 1015 b, 1015 c, and 1015 d are positioned betweenchannels 1010 a, 1010 b, 1010 c, and 1010 d in the abrasive tip. Thisallows fluid to flow out of the openings formed by aligning the channelsin the abrasive tip with the channels in the tip holder. The collarsprotrude from the back side of the tip.

The number of collars may vary. Typically, the number of collars will bedependent on the number of channels. For example, if there are fourchannels, then there will be four collars. However, this is not alwaysthe case. In other implementations, the number of collars will bedifferent from the number of channels. There may be more channels thancollars, or there may be fewer channels than collars.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a specific implementation of a bristled tip1105. In a specific implementation, bristled tip 1105 may have sixgroups of bristles (1110 a, 1110 b, 1110 c, 1110 d, 1110 e, 1110 f),four support ribs or prongs (1115 a, 1115 b, 1115 c, 1115 d) which areoffset from a face 1120 of the bristled tip, and an opening 1130 whichis at the end of a nipple 1135.

In one embodiment, one or more bristles may be coupled to a radiationsource. For example, the bristle may be coupled to an LED. The bristlemay act as a waveguide for directing radiation from the radiation sourceand into the tissue. Thus, in a specific implementation, the bristle maybe made of optical fiber.

In yet another embodiment, one or more bristles may be translucent sothat the bristles do not block any light that may be transmitted fromthe radiation sources into the patient's tissue. Thus, in specificembodiments, light is transmitted through an area of tissue that isbeing abraded.

Although FIG. 11 shows six groups of bristles, the number of groups ofbristles may vary. For example, other implementations may have one, two,three, four, five, or more than six groups of bristles.

Nipple 1135 extends some distance away from face 1120 of the bristledtip. The opening may extend from about 30 percent to about 75 percentthe length of the bristles, including, for example, less than 30percent, 50 percent, or more than 75 percent the length of the bristles.

In an implementation, fluid flows through the nipple and out theopening. The nipple places opening 1130 closer to the skin and helps toensure that the fluid contacts the skin before being pulled back intotip holder 1120.

Support ribs or prongs 1115 a, 1115 b, 1115 c, and 1115 d may be offsetfrom face 1120 of the bristled tip and attached at any point along thelength of the bristled tip. In a specific implementation, the distancefor the offset is the same for all support ribs 1115 a, 1115 b, 1115 c,and 1115 d. In other implementations, the support ribs may be offset atdifferent distances. For example, support rib 1115 a may be offset fromface 1120 by 0.5 millimeters, while support ribs 1115 a, 1115 b, and1115 c may be offset from face 1120 by 1 millimeter.

Offsetting the support ribs allows, for example, an uninterruptedannular space 1140 to be created near the front of the tip holder 1120.This allows fluids to more easily pass back into tip holder 1120 withoutbeing blocked by any structures. However, other implementations may havethe support ribs or prongs flush with face 1120.

The support ribs or prongs extend outwardly and then turn to splaylongitudinally down the length of the bristled tip.

Although FIG. 11 shows four prongs, the number of prongs may vary. Forexample, other implementations may have one, two, three, five, six,seven, or more than eight prongs.

It should be appreciated that there may be many different combinationsof bristled tips that include, for example, different numbers of bristlegroups, support ribs and fluid openings, different attachment positionsfor support ribs, or different positions for fluid openings. Forexample, in a specific implementation, the bristled tip may includethree support ribs flush with face 1120 and six groups of bristles. Inanother configuration, the support ribs may not be equally spaced fromeach other. For example, instead of being spaced at 0 degrees and 180degrees, the support ribs may be spaced at 0 degrees and 92 degrees.Furthermore, a first support rib may be attached flush with the face ofthe bristled tip while a second support rib is offset 0.5 millimeters,for example, from the face of the bristled tip.

A specific flow example of invention shown in FIG. 2 is presented below.However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited tothe specific flows and steps presented. A flow of the invention may haveadditional steps (not necessarily described in this application),different steps which replace some of the steps presented, fewer stepsor a subset of the steps presented, or steps in a different order thanpresented, or any combination of these. Further, the steps in otherimplementations of the invention may not be exactly the same as thesteps presented and may be modified or altered as appropriate for aparticular application or based on the data or situation.

1. The user places the hand piece with the abrasive tip against thepatient's skin and turns on the system.

2. Power is sent from the control unit to the fluid pump and vacuumsource.

3. Fluid begins to flow through fluid delivery line 214 where it exitsthe tip and contacts the patient's skin.

4. The fluid is then suctioned back into hand piece via vacuum line 216.

5. The user enables switch 240 which sends power to the radiationsources.

6. The radiation sources transmit radiation (e.g., red light, bluelight, and yellow light) into the patient's skin.

7. The user runs the hand piece over the patient's skin. The abrasivetip loosens the dead skin cells while fluids provide a pre and posttreatment of the abraded area before being suctioned away. Meanwhile,the radiation sources direct therapeutic radiation into the treatmentsite.

A specific flow example of invention shown in FIG. 6 is presented below.However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited tothe specific flows and steps presented. A flow of the invention may haveadditional steps (not necessarily described in this application),different steps which replace some of the steps presented, fewer stepsor a subset of the steps presented, or steps in a different order thanpresented, or any combination of these. Further, the steps in otherimplementations of the invention may not be exactly the same as thesteps presented and may be modified or altered as appropriate for aparticular application or based on the data or situation.

1. The user places the hand piece with the abrasive tip against thepatient's skin and turns on the system.

2. Power is sent from the control unit to the vacuum source. The vacuumsource creates a negative pressure condition in the fluid reservoirwhich sucks the fluid from the fluid reservoir into the fluid deliveryline.

3. The fluid exits the tip and contacts the patient's skin.

4. The fluid is then suctioned back into the hand piece via vacuum line216.

5. The user enables switch 680 to start the massage. Power is thensupplied via the power source to the rotary motor.

6. The user runs the hand piece over the patient's skin. The abrasivetip loosens the dead skin cells while fluids provide a pre and posttreatment of the abraded area before being suctioned away. Meanwhile,the rotary motor creates a vibration at the tip and tip holder. Theeffect is a massaging of the treatment site. The massage helps tofurther abrade the skin while relaxing the tissue at the treatment site.

FIG. 12 shows a partial front view of another embodiment of a hand piece1205 including a tip 1210 and a tip holder 1215. One or more fluidopenings 1220 are positioned outside a periphery 1225 of the abrasivetip. The fluid openings output fluid. One or more vacuum openings 1230are also positioned outside the periphery of the abrasive tip and arepositioned at a further distance away from the abrasive tip than thefluid output openings.

As shown, the vacuum openings are at least partially around the abrasivetip. The vacuum openings may be connected to one or more vacuum lines.Although FIG. 12 shows the vacuum openings as having arc shapes, otherembodiments may include differently shaped vacuum openings such assquare, rectangular, circular, oval, or triangular openings.

In other embodiments, the fluid flow is reversed. That is instead offluid opening 1220 outputting fluid and vacuum opening 1230 inputtingfluid, fluid opening 1220 accepts fluid input and vacuum opening 1230outputs fluid.

This description of the invention has been presented for the purposes ofillustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise form described, and manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the teachingabove. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the invention and its practical applications.This description will enable others skilled in the art to best utilizeand practice the invention in various embodiments and with variousmodifications as are suited to a particular use. The scope of theinvention is defined by the following claims.

1. A microdermabrasion system comprising: a console; a hand piececomprising: a tip, coupled to a fluid tube coupled to the console,wherein the tip comprises an abrading surface formed on a front surfaceof the tip and a plurality of fluid channels, wherein the plurality offluid channels terminate on a side surface of the tip; a vacuum opening,coupled to a vacuum tube coupled to the console, wherein the vacuumopening is outside a periphery of the tip; and a plurality of radiationsources, each radiation source coupled to an electrical wire coupled tothe console.
 2. The device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of radiationsources are between the tip and the vacuum opening.
 3. The device ofclaim 1 wherein the plurality of radiation sources are evenlydistributed about a perimeter of the front surface of the tip.
 4. Thedevice of claim 1 wherein an angle between the radiation sources is 360degrees divided by a total number of radiation sources.
 5. The device ofclaim 1 wherein the plurality of radiation sources are positioned abovethe tip or on a same plane as the tip.
 6. The device of claim 1 whereinthe plurality of radiation sources comprises at least one of a lightemitting diode, a laser diode, a radio frequency diode, or a microwaveantenna.
 7. The device of claim 1 wherein at least one radiation sourcein the plurality of radiation sources emits a light beam having awavelength that is in the visible range.
 8. The device of claim 1further comprising a radiation source holder, wherein the plurality ofradiation sources are mounted to the radiation source holder and theradiation source holder is made of a thermally conductive plastic. 9.The device of claim 3 wherein the plurality of radiation sourcesirradiate a region of tissue between the perimeter of the front surfaceof the tip and the vacuum opening.
 10. The device of claim 1 wherein thehand piece comprises: a vibrating component; a battery; and a switch,coupled between the vibrating component and the battery.
 11. The deviceof claim 10 wherein the vibrating component comprises: a motor; aweight; and a shaft, coupled between the motor and the weight.
 12. Amicrodermabrasion system comprising: a console; a hand piece comprising:a tip, coupled to a fluid tube coupled to the console, wherein the tipcomprises a plurality of bristles coupled to a front surface of the tipand a fluid opening, surrounded by the bristles, on the front surface; avacuum opening, coupled to a vacuum tube coupled to the console, whereinthe vacuum opening is outside a periphery of the tip; and a plurality ofradiation sources, each radiation source coupled to an electrical wirecoupled to the console.
 13. The device of claim 12 wherein the pluralityof bristles comprise optical fiber and the plurality of bristles arecoupled to the plurality of radiation sources.
 14. A microdermabrasiondevice, comprising: a body having a longitudinal axis; a substantiallynon-abrasive tip attached to an end of said body and having at least oneopening therethrough; an abrasive member located internally of said bodyand tip; a vacuum access opening adapted to apply negative pressure to askin surface of a patient through said tip outside a periphery of saidabrasive member, thereby drawing a portion of the skin into contact withsaid abrasive member; and a plurality of radiation sources, eachradiation source coupled to an electrical wire, wherein the electricalwire passes through a channel in the body.
 15. A microdermabrasiondevice comprising: a tip comprising an abrading surface formed on afirst side; a collar portion on a second side of the tip; a plurality offluid channels formed on a second side of the tip, each channelextending through the collar through a first edge to a second edge ofthe tip, wherein the second edge of the tip is perpendicular to andtouches the first side, and an angle between the first side and thefirst edge is less than ninety degrees; at least one key notch, formedon the collar portion between two channel openings, wherein a surface ofthe collar is perpendicular to the first side; and a plurality ofradiation sources on a same plane as the abrasive member.
 16. Amicrodermabrasion device comprising: a tip comprising a plurality ofbristles coupled to a front surface on a first side; a fluid opening,surrounded by the bristles, on the first side, wherein the fluid openingextends to a second side, opposite to the first side; a firstcylindrical side surface, coupled to and perpendicular to the firstside; a plurality of prongs which extend away from the first cylindricalside surface and toward the second side; and a plurality of radiationsources at least partially surrounding the plurality of bristles.
 17. Askin treatment system comprising: an elongated handle including atubular passageway; an annular vacuum formed around at least a portionof the tubular passageway; a substantially planar abrasive surface; atreatment tip with at least one opening therethrough, wherein a vacuumis applied outside a periphery of the abrasive surface through the atleast one opening; a vacuum source and fluid reservoir, wherein a flowpath is from a distal end of the tubular passageway, outward at thedistal end, and into the annular vacuum and when a vacuum is applied, afluid in the fluid reservoir is drawn into the passageway of the system,applied to skin at a treatment site, and drawn into the annular vacuum;and a plurality of radiation sources coupled to the elongated handle,wherein at least one radiation source is positioned to provide a beam oflight into skin at the treatment site.
 18. A microdermabrasion devicecomprising a hand piece comprising: an elongated handle comprising afirst passageway and a second passageway; a treatment tip, coupled tothe handle, comprising at least a first opening coupled to the firstpassageway, wherein the treatment tip has a longest distance across thetip; a second opening, coupled to the second passageway; and a pluralityof radiation sources, coupled to the handle, and a distance between aradiation source and the treatment tip is less than twice the longestdistance.
 19. The device of claim 18 wherein a cross section the firstand second passageways comprises concentric circles, an inner circle isfor the first passageway, and an outer circle is for the secondpassageway.
 20. The device of claim 18 wherein at least one of theradiation source is positioned between the first opening and the secondopening.
 21. The device of claim 18 wherein a cross section of the tipcomprises at least two concentric spaces, a first space of theconcentric spaces coupled to the first opening, and a second space ofthe concentric spaces coupled to the second opening.
 22. The device ofclaim 18 wherein the treatment tip is translucent and comprises anabrasive surface recessed in the treatment tip.
 23. The device of claim19 wherein the first passageway provides output fluid and the secondpassageway provides suction.
 24. The device of claim 19 wherein thefirst passageway provides suction and the second passageway providesoutput fluid.
 25. The device of claim 19 wherein at least one of theradiation sources is outside a periphery of an abrasive surface of thetip.
 26. The device of claim 18 comprising: a lens cover, coupled to ahousing of at least one radiation source, covering the at least oneradiation source and providing magnification of radiation emitted by theat least one radiation source.
 27. The device of claim 18 comprising: ahousing for at least one radiation source, the housing comprising alocking mechanism to removably hold a lens cover over the at least oneradiation source.